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          ubuntu下2种配置oracle jdk的方法
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        <p>虽然现在都流行TL;DR，但还是一如继往地授之以渔，虽然看似很长，其实非常简单，更多的内容是在讲原因。不仅适用于ubuntu系的系统，手动安装方式同样可类似地用于其他系统。无法就两步：下载并解决JDK，配置环境变量。</p>
<span id="more"></span>

<h2 id="通过ubuntu的PPA来安装"><a href="#通过ubuntu的PPA来安装" class="headerlink" title="通过ubuntu的PPA来安装"></a>通过ubuntu的PPA来安装</h2><p>详情可参见：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://www.ubuntuupdates.org/ppa/webupd8_java">http://www.ubuntuupdates.org/ppa/webupd8_java</a></p>
<h3 id="安装java"><a href="#安装java" class="headerlink" title="安装java"></a>安装java</h3><p>安装ppa源，并安装java8：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java </span><br><span class="line">sudo apt-get update</span><br><span class="line">sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>需要安装其他相应的版本，替换成相应的版本即可</p>
<h3 id="设置为默认java环境"><a href="#设置为默认java环境" class="headerlink" title="设置为默认java环境"></a>设置为默认java环境</h3><p>这个PPA也提供了一个自动设置oracle java为默认java的包，通过以下命令安装后会自动将oracle java设置为默认：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-set-default</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>不过我测试中发现，安装oracle-java8-installer时，会自动安装oracle-java8-set-default并将这个ppa安装的java设置为默认的java</p>
<p>或者手动选择使用哪个java，特别是当你系统中有多个java版时：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo update-alternatives --config java</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>此时会列出系统中的所有java，根据需要输入数字选择即可</p>
<p>如果系统中有多个javac可供选择，也可以通过以下命令设置默认的javac：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo update-alternatives --config javac</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>测试是否安装成功：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">java -version</span><br><span class="line">javac -version</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="环境变量设置"><a href="#环境变量设置" class="headerlink" title="环境变量设置"></a>环境变量设置</h3><p>由于很多软件都需要根据java的环境变量来确定需要使用的java，所以需要为其设置环境变量。有2种方式设置，即可以在用户目录下的个人配置文件中设置，也可以在全局环境中设置，推荐在个人配置文件中设置，因为这样方便不同的用户使用不同的java版本。<br><strong>通过修改~/.bashrc设置当前用户的java环境变量</strong><br>可以根据刚才使用的命令<code>sudo update-alternatives --config java</code> 来显示你的java路径<br>在.bashrc的最后添加以下内容，我这里安装的是java8，根据自己的情况修改：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle</span><br><span class="line">JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre</span><br><span class="line">CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JRE_HOME/lib</span><br><span class="line">PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin</span><br><span class="line">export JAVA_HOME</span><br><span class="line">export JRE_HOME</span><br><span class="line">export CLASSPATH</span><br><span class="line">export PATH</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>使用以下命令使环境变量配置立即生效：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">source .bashrc</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>通过以下命令验证环境变量的配置：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">echo $JAVA_HOME</span><br><span class="line">echo $JRE_HOME</span><br><span class="line">echo $CLASSPATH</span><br><span class="line">echo $PATH</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>输出中应该会包含你刚设置的路径了</p>
<p><strong>通过修改/etc/profile或/etc/environment来修改全局java环境变量</strong><br>如果要修改整个系统，包括系统内的所有用户的java环境变量，可以通过修改/etc/profile而不是修改~/.bashrc来实现，因为所有用户登录系统后都会自动加载/etc/profile中的配置，修改方式与上面完全一样。</p>
<p>或者通过修改/etc/environment来实现，只需要将以下内容追加到文件最后，然后通过<code>source /etc/environment</code>加载即可：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle</span><br><span class="line">JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre</span><br><span class="line">CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JRE_HOME/lib</span><br><span class="line">PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="卸载"><a href="#卸载" class="headerlink" title="卸载"></a>卸载</h3><p>正常通过apt-get卸载</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo apt-get remove --purge oracle-java8-*</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>然后删除自己添加的环境变量即可</p>
<h2 id="通过手动去oracle官网下载后安装"><a href="#通过手动去oracle官网下载后安装" class="headerlink" title="通过手动去oracle官网下载后安装"></a>通过手动去oracle官网下载后安装</h2><p>其实上面的ppa也是从oracle下载编译好的包，然后解压后配置环境来实现的，只是那个解压等工作自动完成了。</p>
<h3 id="下载java"><a href="#下载java" class="headerlink" title="下载java"></a>下载java</h3><p>去oracle官网的java下载页面<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html">http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html</a> 找到需要的链接，然后使用wget下载即可，注意由于wget不能自动重定向，所以需要加上前面那些验证，同样为了保证https的证书问题，加上了<code>--no-check-certificate</code> ：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">wget --no-check-certificate --no-cookies --header &quot;Cookie: oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie&quot; http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u112-b15/jdk-8u112-linux-x64.tar.gz</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>由于刚才通过ppa自动安装的是8u111的版本，所以这里安装8u112版本。</p>
<h3 id="安装java-1"><a href="#安装java-1" class="headerlink" title="安装java"></a>安装java</h3><p>首先为java创建解压目录：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo mkdir /usr/java</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>解压刚下载的jdk压缩包到/usr/java目录：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo tar --strip-components=1 -zxvf jdk-8u112-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/java/</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>如果系统中只有这一个java，可以直接根据上面的方法设置环境变量即可，设置完成环境变量即算是已经安装成功，但并没有被设置为系统默认的java</p>
<h3 id="设置为系统默认JDK"><a href="#设置为系统默认JDK" class="headerlink" title="设置为系统默认JDK"></a>设置为系统默认JDK</h3><p>执行以下命令为系统添加可选的java版本：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /usr/java/bin/java 300  </span><br><span class="line">sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/javac javac /usr/java/bin/javac 300  </span><br><span class="line">sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/jar jar /usr/java/bin/jar 300   </span><br><span class="line">sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/javah javah /usr/java/bin/javah 300   </span><br><span class="line">sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/javap javap /usr/java/bin/javap 300 </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>注意最后那个300是表示优先级，可以修改为其他数值</p>
<p>执行以下命令选择需要的JDK：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo update-alternatives --config java</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>剩下的环境变量及测试的方式与上面一样。</p>
<h3 id="卸载-1"><a href="#卸载-1" class="headerlink" title="卸载"></a>卸载</h3><p>直接删除自己设置的解压目录即可</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo rm -rf /usr/java</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>记得删除自己设置的环境变量</p>

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